| A pattern of updates of quotes by market makers |
| 2. | Price movement in stocks related to other stocks that have already moved in a similar industry or group, such as the high-tech industry where secondary stocks may follow the price movement of a major stock |
| 3. | Inactivity in a stock for a relatively long period of time (this time period could vary from minutes to days depending on the stock) and then one or more market makers changing their quote for no apparent reason (not necessarily going to the best price) |
| 4. | News and earnings |
| 5. | Early identification and participation in trends |
| 6. | General trading momentum on various exchanges |
| 7. | Unusual activity that does not look right with respect to a stock |
| 8. | Events talked about by business commentators who have the ability to affect the market, such as the commentators on CNBC, CNNFN, and/or the major networks |
| 9. | Brokerage firms' upgrades and downgrades of stocks |
| 10. | Knowledge of when a company will report earnings and the market effect of actuals compared with expectations. A company's reported earnings compared with the earnings expectations by the major brokerage firms that follow that company and its industry |
| 11. | Trading activity on various ECNs |
| 12. | Significant moves in bond markets, commodities markets, precious metals |
| 13. | Statements from the Federal Reserve, unemployment statistics, PPI, CPI, and the like |